In this post we are sharing Project on Changes in modes of Packaging , Business Studies , Business Environment topic for CBSE Class 12 . You can get the detailed and complete project from the link below .
INTRODUCTION TO PACKAGING
Packaging refers to the container or wrapper that holds a product or group of products. It is the science, art, and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. It can also be described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. Packaging contains, protects, preserves, transports, informs, and sells.
HISTORY OF PACKAGING
The first packages used the natural materials available at the time:
Baskets of reeds, Wineskins (Bota bags), Wooden boxes, Pottery vases, Ceramic amphorae, Wooden barrels, Woven bags, etc.
PURPOSE OF PACKAGING
Packaging has several objectives, some of these are:
- Physical Protection
- Information Transmission
- Marketing
- Convenience
TYPES OF PACKAGING
- Primary packaging is the material that first envelops the product and holds it. This usually is the smallest unit of distribution or use and is the package which is in direct contact with the contents.
- Secondary packaging is outside the primary packaging, perhaps used to group primary packages together.
- Tertiary packaging is used for bulk handling, warehouse storage and transport shipping. The most common form is a palletized unit load that packs tightly into containers.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
Package development involves considerations for sustainability, environmental responsibility, and applicable environmental and recycling regulations.
The traditional “three R’s” of reduce, reuse, and recycle are part of a waste hierarchy which may be considered in product and package development.
CHANGES IN MODE OF PACKAGING
Product packaging has undergone significant change over the years. Now-a-days packaging is more than a just a container with a label stuck on it. It has become a vital opportunity to build new brands or reinforce and add value to a positive experience of an existing product or brand.
CHANGES IN TRANSPORTATION PACKAGING OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
Proper Packaging can prolong the storage life of fresh fruits and vegetables by preventing moisture loss thereby wilting. The rate of moisture loss varies with the product and water vapour permeability of the packaging film.
Wooden Pallets To Corregulated Plastic Pallets, Corregulated Fiberboard Pallets, Plastic Crates, Expanded Polysrtyrene Packaging were being used from time to time for packaging of fruits and vegetables.
PACKAGING OF MILK
Until the mid 1880s milk was dipped from large cans into the consumer’s own containers. The glass milk bottle was invented in 1884 and became the main container of retail distribution until World War II, when wax-coated paper containers were introduced. Plastic-coated paper followed and became the predominate container. Today more than 75 percent of retail sales are in translucent plastic jugs. Glass bottles make up less than 0.5 percent of the business and are used mostly at dairy stores and for home delivery
CARDBOARD PACKAGING
Cardboard packaging is one of the most common types of product packaging used, and its uses are only limited by the imagination. Everything from the simplest of products to the most expensive often come protected in cardboard. In addition to the benefits it offers consumers, this type of packaging can also have a positive impact on the environment.
PLASTIC BAGS
Plastic bags are typically made from oil, a non-renewable resource. Plastics are a by-product of the oil-refining process, accounting for about four percent of oil production around the globe.
BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC BAGS –ALTERNATIVE TO PLASTIC BAGS
PACKAGING COST BORNE BY CONSUMER/MANUFACTURER
Packaging costs are also paid by consumers. If the product is expensive and so does the packaging that comes with it, consumers of premium brand are more often than not willing to pay the price.
PACKAGING AS MEANS OF ADVERTISEMENT
Packaging trends and innovations can influence whether the product will ever get onto the stores shelf.
REUSE OF PACKAGING
The packaging should be manufactured from the right materials, ensuring that the product inside is not damaged. Potential customers today expect packaging to be environmentally friendly. Consequently, the use of sustainable, recyclable and bio-degradable materials is essential.
CONCLUSION OF THE PROJECT
Packaging is thus considered an important part of business environment. It has changed various forms during the years. The role of packaging has also changed over the years. In old days it was used just for protection purpose but now it is used as a promotional tool and has become an important part of the products.